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 Trzecia Rzesza 1933-1945 - historia państwa
Wrzesień 26 2023 16:50:04    Historia ~ Ludzie Hitlera ~ Narzędzia Wojny ~ Prusy Wschodnie ~ Mapa strony
 

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       04. Zdobycie fortu Eben Emael

Zajęcie fortu Eben Emael było jedną z najbardziej brawurowych akcji podczas ostatniej wojny. Fort ten w okresie poprzedzającym wojnę uważany był za niemożliwy do zdobycia. Główny wpływ na taki osąd miało jego doskonałe położenie. Każdy bok tego fortu w kształcie trójkąta był chroniony naturalnymi przeszkodami i tak: z jeden jego bok ciągnął się wzdłuż kanału Alberta, drugi chroniony był 15 metrowej szerokości fosą zaś trzeci ciągnął się na wysokości skarpy na szczycie, na której umieszczono liczne punkty obrony przeciwpancernej. Sam fort zajmował 45 hektarów terenu, na którym umieszczono 4 główne bunkry. Każdy z nich był wyposażony w trzy działa kalibru 75mm. Dwa z nich skierowane były na północ w stronę miasta Maastricht i zostały nazwane Maastricht-1 i Maastricht-2. Pozostałe dwa zwrócono w stronę miasta Vise na południe i nazwano odpowiednio Vise-1 i Vise-2. Oprócz tego forty broniły dwie pancerne kopuły. Była to groźna broń gdyż zamontowane na nich działa kalibru 75mm mogły razić cele oddalone 11 kilometrów. Dodatkowo kopuły na okres ostrzału lub bombardowania mogły być opuszczane na poziom gruntu, co czyniło je praktycznie nie zniszczalnymi. Głównym punktem fortu była umieszczona na jego środku kopuła z dwoma działami 120mm, które swoimi pociskami mogła razić cele oddalone o 17 kilometrów. Punkty ogniowe fortu były połączone ze sobą gęstą siecią tuneli, które były zabezpieczone 2,5 metrowa warstwa betonu. Długość walk, jakie mógł prowadzić fort była ograniczona jedynie ilością zmagazynowanych zapasów, a te wystarczały na 3 miesiące walki. Fort posiadał własne źródło wody oraz 6 agregatów prądotwórczych.Załoga fortu liczyła 1200 osób. Budowę fortu ukończono w roku 1935, więc sprzęt w nim zamontowany był bardzo nowoczesny. Przeglądając plany fortu Hitler stwierdził, że jest tak plaski, iż dałoby się na nim wylądować. Zdobycie fortu powierzono grupie szturmowej Granit pod dowództwem porucznika Wittig`a. Grupa liczy ogółem 84 ludzi, którzy mają być desantowani w jedenastu szybowcach typu DFS-230. Zabierają ze sobą 20.912 sztuk amunicji oraz 2.401 kilogramów ładunków wybuchowych. Akcja rozpoczyna się o godzinie 4.30 gdy Ju-52 rozpoczynają holowanie szybowców na kolońskich lotniskach. Podczas tego manewru zrywa się lina, która ciągnęła szybowiec porucznika Wittig`a Pilot musi awaryjnie lądować na jednej z łąk i dopiero po jakimś czasie kolejny z Ju-52 podrywa ponownie szybowiec w powietrze. Kolejny szybowiec musi lądować awaryjnie pod Duren. Pozostałe 9 szybowców ląduje pod ostrzałem artylerii przeciwlotniczej w bezpośredniej bliskości fortu. Niemcy bardzo szybko zajmują kolejne punkty obronne. Ze zdumieniem odkrywają, że uważany za nich za najsilniej broniony północny róg fortu, okazuje się instalacją pozorowaną z monstrualnymi atrapami kopuł. Obie wysadzone w tym rejonie drużyny nie napotykają oporu jednak na razie nie biorą udziału w dalszej walce. Reszta żołnierzy atakuje fort. Zaledwie kilku minut potrzeba im, aby unieszkodliwić baterie przeciwlotnicze, gniazda karabinów. Dopiero po trzech godzinach dociera dowódca, którego szybowiec musiał awaryjnie lądować. Gdy udaje się unieszkodliwić część z ciężkich dział znajdujących się w forcie, belgijska artyleria znajdująca się poza fortem rozpoczyna ostrzał swoich własnych pozycji. Walka przeciąga się do następnego dnia. Twierdza kapituluje o godzinie 15.30. Jej dowódca major Jottrand popełnia samobójstwo. Do niewoli trafia 1185 belgijskich żołnierzy, którzy do samego końca nie orientują się, co tak naprawdę się stało. Grupa szturmowa Wittiga straciła 5 zabitych zaś 20 żołnierzy było rannych. Obrońcy twierdzy stracili 200 żołnierzy.

Dodane przez LukLog dnia maj 01 2006 21:33:00
10 Komentarzy � 13366 Czytań

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mrowa dnia sierpień 11 2006 14:24:45
Kopuły były wyjątkowo twarde w tej chwili niejestem w statnie powiedzieć jaką miały grubość... materiały ważyły zbyt dużo by brać ich znaczną ilość do lekkich szybowców.... w szturmie twierdzy Eben Emael użyto nowoczesnych ładunków wybuchowych zainteresowanych odsyłam do jednej z książek Bogusława Wołoszańskiego.
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1. Greater Flexibility
Autonomous Mobile Robots are able to be agile and flexible because they utilize onboard sensors cameras, magnet tape, and other sensors to carry out their tasks. Autonomous Mobile Robots do not have to follow predetermined paths. They are able to create their own efficient routes within a facility. This helps them avoid obstructions. This flexibility also means that Autonomous Mobile Robots can be reprogrammed to carry out new tasks with relative ease, compared to other automation technologies which typically require more time and effort to program. Check out this Robot logistics info for more.

2. Safety - Increased
Autonomous Mobile Robots come with lots of sensors and cameras. These sensors and cameras enable the Autonomous Mobile Robot to understand and read its surroundings. This allows it to move within the facility without interruption from infrastructure, people and products. Human-operated equipment like forklifts do not come with the same safety features and relies on human input. Although a human operator has the possibility of becoming tired or distracted and consequently cause accidents, these are not concerns when working with Autonomous Mobile Robots. Employing Autonomous Mobile Robots for tasks that are easily repeatable will allow operations to reduce the chance of human error and drastically improve the overall security of the facility.

3. Rapid Implementation
Autonomous Mobile Robots can be installed within a business within just 4 to 6 weeks, based on how complex the task is. The software for picking and warehouse execution software that Autonomous Mobile Robots will have to be integrated with are particularly important. For those at the top end of the spectrum this is a relatively quick time frame, especially when compared with other technology. To give you an example of this, a goods to individual (G2P) system could take up to one year to implement.

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Because Autonomous Mobile Robots are fairly simple to set up in an organization, it's possible to implement an approach of modular deployment, starting with just a couple of units, and increasing the number as your operation grows and your requirements shift. Start by building your fleet as you go. This will save you a lot of money in the beginning. This modular deployment gives you the capital you need to fund other projects, and also allows you to evaluate the impact Autonomous Mobile Robots have had on your business and decide on the next actions.

5. It is easy to move between facilities
Certain operations might not be prepared to explore automation options if they realize that a move into the new facility is in the near future. This makes perfect sense. When the new facility is completed, the existing system will have to be taken down in the next two year. Autonomous Mobile Robots are able to help bridge this gap in these situations. Autonomous Mobile Robots are able to be used quickly and easily between facilities, which allows automation for the short-term. Alongside operations that are expecting an imminent move it can also be a boon for companies setting up temporary holiday operations.
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A massage for business trips is a massage that can help to promote relaxation while on vacation. It is also known as a "business massage. It's an excellent method to reenergize and replenish your body and mind following physical stress, jetlag, or fatigue. A massage can help you get better rest at night. These are the advantages of a Business Travel massage. Be sure to avail of this massage during your travels! Business trip massages can help you relax and get your focus on business trips. It will help ease tension and chronic back pain. This service is available at numerous massage parlors and spas, so make certain to look them up! After a long journey and a 15-minute massage on the chair can be a great way of recharging. A full body massage is the perfect present for business travellers. Your coworkers and you will see the benefits of a Business Travel Massage. No matter how frequent you travel, a massage will help to keep your focus during long flights. Massages can prevent chronic back pain and prevent you from having a miserable journey due to chronic back pain. The most well-known types of massage for travellers are Swedish massages and deep tissue massages and aromatherapy massages. If you're on a strict budget, a short chair massage might be just the thing you're looking for. Have a look at this 출장마사지 for more.

Benefits Of The Business Trip Massage
Business travelers are able to benefit from massages while on a trip. It will keep your mind energized and help you recover from long flights. Massages can also alleviate back pain. Business travelers enjoy deep tissue and Swedish massages. Massages that are aromatherapy are very popular. However, if you're an emergency situation, a fifteen20 to 20 minute massage on the chair is a good solution for quick relief. Business travelers should make use of massages while on a business trip. It is a great idea to receive an appointment for a massage during your trip. A massage for business trips can be as simple or complex as a Swedish or chair massage. The right kind of massage for business can make all the difference between a stressful or relaxing trip. The right one can help you be more productive and less anxious. Massage can help keep you focused and calm during business journeys. A massage can help prevent back pain. Massages can aid in getting back to health after long flight. The massage will help to relieve back pain. There are many massage options for those who travel. You can pick from Swedish massages, deep tissue and aromatherapy. Massages in chairs can be performed anywhere, so it's a quick and simple fix. You can also get a chair massage when you're on business.
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